从代码到粘土：3D 粘土暑期学校的 3D 陶瓷打印
From Code to Clay: 3D Ceramic Printing at 3D Clay Summer School
3D 粘土暑期学校是一个致力于推进计算陶瓷设计和 3D 打印的实验研讨会。该计划将建筑师、设计师和研究人员聚集在一起，探索使用数字工具和机械臂塑造粘土的创新技术。在该计划期间开发的众多卓越项目中，曼陀罗雕塑作为参数化设计和 3D 陶瓷打印的引人注目的案例研究脱颖而出。
The 3D Clay Summer School is an experimental workshop dedicated to advancing computational ceramic design and 3D printing This initiative brings together architects, designers, and researchers to explore innovative techniques for shaping clay using digital tools and robotic arms. Among the many remarkable projects developed during the program, Datura Sculpture stands out as a compelling case study of parametric design and 3D ceramic printing.
曼陀罗雕塑：运动中的有机形式
DATURA SCULPTURE: ORGANIC FORMS IN MOTION
曼陀罗雕塑是对有机生长模式的探索，灵感来自曼陀罗植物的蜿蜒几何形状。设计团队使用 Rhino 和 Grasshopper 生成了一系列参数化变化，使他们能够在结构稳定性和美学流动性之间取得平衡。计算工作流程实现了对曲率、密度和材料分布的精确控制，确保挤压陶瓷元件在制造过程中保持其雕塑意图和物理完整性。
The Datura Sculpture is an exploration of organic growth patterns, inspired by the sinuous geometry of the Datura plant. The design team employed Rhino and Grasshopper to generate a series of parametric variations, allowing them to refine the balance between structural stability and aesthetic fluidity.The computational workflow enabled precise control over curvature, density, and the distribution of material, ensuring that the extruded ceramic elements maintained both their sculptural intent and their physical integrity during fabrication.
该项目面临的一个关键挑战是使挤压工艺适应形状的精致悬垂和复杂细节。该团队开发了一个 Grasshopper 脚本来分析曲率阈值并生成针对连续、稳定挤压优化的刀具路径。调整喷嘴速度、层高和干燥时间等参数可以防止流挂和变形。
One key challenge faced in this project was adapting the extrusion process to the delicate overhangs and intricate details of the form. The team developed a Grasshopper script to analyze curvature thresholds and generate a toolpath optimized for continuous, stable extrusion. Adjusting parameters such as nozzle speed, layer height, and drying time prevented sagging and deformation.
广泛的材料测试在改进制造工艺中有至关重要的作用。对多种粘土成分和水分含量进行了实验，以确定可加工性和结构完整性之间的最佳平衡。测试打印有助于评估收缩率和表面光洁度，确保最终结构的一致性。战略性地沉积了额外的模型以加强几何形状，防止打印时塌陷。
Extensive material testing played a crucial role in refining the fabrication process. Multiple clay compositions and moisture levels were experimented with to determine the optimal balance between workability and structural integrity. Test prints helped evaluate shrinkage rates and surface finishes, ensuring consistency across the final structure. Additional patterns were strategically deposited to reinforce geometries, preventing collapse while printing.
3D 打印机的运动经过精心校准以动态适应挤出压力和干燥时间变化。开发了自定义 Grasshopper 脚本，用于实时微调刀具路径调整，减少不一致并保持均匀的材料分布。
The 3D printer’s motion was meticulously calibrated to adapt dynamically to variations in extrusion pressure and drying times. Custom Grasshopper scripts were developed to fine-tune toolpath adjustments in real-time, reducing inconsistencies and maintaining even material distribution.
喷嘴尺寸是另一个关键因素;该团队试验了不同的喷嘴直径，以优化材料流动和分层精度。还探索了多层挤压技术以增强结构弹性。
Nozzle size was another critical factor; the team experimented with different nozzle diameters to optimize material flow and layering precision. Multi-layered extrusion techniques were also explored to enhance structural resilience.
后处理对项目的成功同样重要。该团队采用了受控的干燥环境来防止翘曲和开裂，然后进行了仔细监控的烧制过程，以解释雕塑的不同厚度。
Post-processing was equally vital to the project’s success. The team employed controlled drying environments to prevent warping and cracking, followed by a carefully monitored firing process that accounted for the sculpture’s varying thicknesses.
计算设计与陶瓷工艺的结合
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN MEETS CERAMIC CRAFT
曼陀罗雕塑 展示了计算设计在陶瓷制造中的潜力，展示了数字工具如何增强传统工艺。在 Rhino 和 Grasshopper 中编写脚本和模拟材质行为的能力改变了设计师与陶瓷互动的方式，使创作更雄心勃勃、结构更合理。设计、测试和改进的迭代过程突出了计算精度和材料不可预测性之间的协同作用。
Datura Sculpture exemplifies the potential of computational design in ceramic fabrication, showcasing how digital tools can enhance traditional craftsmanship. The ability to script and simulate material behavior in Rhino and Grasshopper has transformed the way designers engage with ceramics, enabling more ambitious and structurally sound creations. The iterative process of design, testing, and refinement highlights the synergy between computational precision and material unpredictability.
3D 粘土暑期学校是一个创新平台，促进了设计师和 3D 打印专家之间的合作。随着计算陶瓷设计的进步，此类项目突破了数字工艺的界限，弥合了材料传统和技术发展之间的差距。
The 3D Clay Summer School was a platform for innovation, fostering collaboration between designers and 3D printing specialists. As computational ceramic design advances, projects like these push the boundaries of what is possible in digital craftsmanship, bridging the gap between material tradition and technological evolution.
该暑期学校由“建筑技术卓越中心”与德黑兰大学美术学院的GeoMars小组合作于2024年6月举办。
This summer school was held by the “Center of Excellence in Architectural Technology” in collaboration with the GeoMars group at the college of Fine-Arts at the University of Tehran in June 2024.
